In Toronto, Police Chief Dennis Draper was responsible for much of the violent repression against immigrants and left-wing political units. Fearing anarchist or communist revolutionary violence, police units known as “Red Squads” began targeting people involved in labor organizations, in particular foreign immigrants who wanted to fight for their rights. During this period, foreign immigrants often lived in insalubrious conditions and were denied basic workplace rights. In the 1930s, the Great Depression, a worldwide economic recession, left many Canadians unemployed and homeless. After experiencing a steady inflow of British immigrants throughout the 19th century, Canada experienced a second wave of immigration in the early 1900s, characterized by immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe, many of whom were from Italy or Portugal.
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